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  Marie-Antoinette aux Amériques ?

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Chakton
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Charlotte
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MessageSujet: Marie-Antoinette aux Amériques ?       Marie-Antoinette aux Amériques ?  Icon_minitimeDim 28 Jan - 22:01

Entendu parlé de ça ?     Marie-Antoinette aux Amériques ?  35958
Alain Sanders : « Marie-Antoinette aux Amériques ? »



Il maîtrise, le gars !

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Charlotte

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MessageSujet: Re: Marie-Antoinette aux Amériques ?       Marie-Antoinette aux Amériques ?  Icon_minitimeLun 5 Fév - 19:46

J'ai en effet entendu dire qu'un refuge avait été préparé pour Marie-Antoinette en Amérique. Mais je ne retrouve plus ma source, désolée - Embarassed

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MessageSujet: Re: Marie-Antoinette aux Amériques ?       Marie-Antoinette aux Amériques ?  Icon_minitimeLun 5 Fév - 19:49

Tout à fait ! J'avais mal cherché. Il y a même eu un projet en Irlande. Un membre de ce forum super calé nous explique tout ça ici : Wink
https://maria-antonia.forumactif.com/t4472-un-projet-d-evasion-de-la-reine-en-irlande

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Charlotte

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MessageSujet: Re: Marie-Antoinette aux Amériques ?       Marie-Antoinette aux Amériques ?  Icon_minitimeLun 5 Fév - 19:51

Incroyable ! Tous ces projets jamais aboutis. Shocked

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MessageSujet: Re: Marie-Antoinette aux Amériques ?       Marie-Antoinette aux Amériques ?  Icon_minitimeLun 5 Fév - 19:54

J'ai peut-être retrouvé votre source dans le Boudoir    Marie-Antoinette aux Amériques ?  454943

(la réf serait Mona Ozouf).

https://maria-antonia.forumactif.com/t384-un-refuge-aux-ameriques

Mais mais mais que vois-je ? Damned !! Quelqu'un avait déjà posté ma petite vidéo.
Je me confonds en balbutiements. Embarassed

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Charlotte

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MessageSujet: Re: Marie-Antoinette aux Amériques ?       Marie-Antoinette aux Amériques ?  Icon_minitimeLun 5 Fév - 19:56

Vous êtes tout excusé. Wink

Merci - je vais lire tout cela à tête reposée.

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pimprenelle

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MessageSujet: Re: Marie-Antoinette aux Amériques ?       Marie-Antoinette aux Amériques ?  Icon_minitimeLun 5 Fév - 23:12

Charlotte a écrit:
J'ai en effet entendu dire qu'un refuge avait été préparé pour Marie-Antoinette en Amérique. Mais je ne retrouve plus ma source, désolée - Embarassed

Absolument ! Ce site s'appelle Azilum et il a même sa page wikipedia. Very Happy

French Azilum

French Azilum (French: Asile français) was a planned settlement built in 1793 in Bradford County, Pennsylvania for French refugees fleeing the French Revolution and slave uprisings in Saint-Domingue.[1] Several influential Philadelphians, including Stephen Girard, Robert Morris and John Nicholson, Pennsylvania's comptroller general, were sympathetic to the exiles, and also saw a chance to profit financially.

In 1793, they aided in the purchase of 1,600 acres (6 km2) of land in northeastern Pennsylvania, which was then wilderness. An area of 300 acres (1.2 km2) was laid out as a town plot including a 2-acre (8,100 m2) market square, a grid of broad streets and 413 lots, approximately one-half acre each. About 30 log houses were built. A small number of exiles arrived that fall. Some were royalists, loyal to King Louis XVI (guillotined in January 1793) and thus fleeing imprisonment and possible death during the French Revolution. Others came from the French colony of Saint-Domingue (Haiti) where slave uprisings had broken out in 1791, inspired by the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (1789) of the French Assembly. According to legend, Marie Antoinette (titular Queen of France until guillotined in October 1793) and her two surviving children were to settle here. Soon several small shops, a schoolhouse, a chapel and a theater appeared in the market square. A gristmill, blacksmith shop and a distillery were built, cattle and sheep were kept, and fruit trees and gardens were planted.
The largest building in the colony, La Grande Maison, a two-story log structure, stood 84 feet (26 m) long and 60 feet (18 m) wide. Unproven rumors see it as intended for the Queen. Major social gatherings took place there, and both Talleyrand (who lived in the United States from 1794 to 1796) and Louis Phillipe (who visited Pennsylvania in 1797 and later became King of the French from 1830 to 1848) were entertained here.

The quasi-aristocratic French court did not last. In the late 1790s, after Morris and Nicholson went into bankruptcy and money from French sources dried up, many of the exiles moved to southern cities including Charleston, Savannah and New Orleans. Some returned to Saint-Domingue, and after Napoleon (in power from 1799) made it possible for exiles to return to France, many did. The LaPortes, Homets, LeFevres, Brevosts and D'Autremonts remained in Pennsylvania and settled in local communities. By 1803 French Azilum had passed into history.

None of the more than 50 structures of French Azilum remain. The house and garden plots were absorbed into larger tracts of farmland.

The LaPorte House, built in 1836 by the son of one of the founders of the colony, includes delicately painted ceilings and interior decor which reflect the French influence, and functions as a house museum. An original foundation has been left exposed for public viewing and a reconstructed, relocated log cabin, circa 1790, also serves as a small museum. Guided tours of the LaPorte house take place seasonally, as well as a self-guided tour of over 20 acres (81,000 m2) of the original settlement, including several outbuildings of the LaPorte Farm.

French Azilum is managed by French Azilum, Inc., a non-profit corporation founded in 1954, and is administered by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission.[2]



Notes:
1. Childs, Frances Sergeant (1940). French Refugee Life In The United States 1790-1800 An American Chapter Of The French Revolution. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
2. Wilkinson, Norman. "A French Asylum on the Susquehanna River". archive.org. Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission. Retrieved April 1, 2016.


L'encyclopédie en ligne nous offre aussi une galerie de photos:

   Marie-Antoinette aux Amériques ?  1024px11

   Marie-Antoinette aux Amériques ?  French10

   Marie-Antoinette aux Amériques ?  800px-13

   Marie-Antoinette aux Amériques ?  800px-14

   Marie-Antoinette aux Amériques ?  800px-15

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Azilum

Ah si seulement... courir dans ces collines avec les enfants et les chiens...     Marie-Antoinette aux Amériques ?  405462

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Chakton

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MessageSujet: Re: Marie-Antoinette aux Amériques ?       Marie-Antoinette aux Amériques ?  Icon_minitimeLun 5 Fév - 23:30

Passionnant ! Hallucinant ! tongue
Un blog que je ne peux que vous recommandé (spécialisé dans le XVIIIe) fournit des explications circonstanciées.

Azilum - French émigré colony in Pennsylvania

Here on isolated bend of the Susquehanna River lies the site of the French émigré colony of Azilum. Even today it is still three and-a-half hours on the interstate from Philadelphia. The creation of this "Versailles in the Wilderness" was a remarkable testament to the determination, idealism and sheer craziness of the French exiles who fetched up in America in the 1790s.

The history of the colony is very well documented. The original impetus belonged to two larger than life characters, Lafayette's brother-in-law, the vicomte de Noailles, and the former advocate general Antoine Omer Talon, whom landed in Philadelphia from England in May 1793. Talon left his family behind in France and had escaped Revolutionary justice concealed in a wine barrel. No-one would have blamed them for waiting out their exile in the comparative comfort Moreau de Saint-Méry's French bookstore in Philadelphia, but not a bit of it. By July Noailles was writing exuberantly to his American correspondent Molly Robinson of his intention to purchase "five hundred thousand acres", not for profit, but as a refuge for the French liberal aristocracy, "to prepare an exile to those of my countrymen who, disgusted of the horrid scene which took place in France, will forever abandon the theater which has produced it." [quoted in Doina Pasca Harsanyi, Lessons from America (2010)]

Financial backing for the project was provided by two wealthy American politicians, Senator Robert Morris and the Pennsylvania Comptroller General John Nicholson. The Asylum Company was formally set up in April 1793. According to the Articles of Agreement it was intended to acquire a million acres for resale. Two agents, Charles Bué Boulogne and Adam Hoops were sent out to secure the land titles and begin the work. 125,000 acres were acquired on the disputed borders of Pennsylvania and Connecticut. The site for the settlement itself covered sixteen hundred acres in a partially cleared area known as "the Meadow". Supervised by Boulogne workman immediately began the labour of clearing land and erecting houses. All materials, even lumber, had to be ordered from Wilkes-Barre, seventy-five miles away, and pushed up river in Durham boats, a journey of four or five days; Judge Matthias Hollenback at Wilkes-Barre, who had trading posts along the river, handled much of the procurement. The colonists themselves, with their servants and possessions, would have had to make an epic trip by river from Philadelphia, either via Bethelehem and Wilkes-Barre or via Catawissa.

At the end of year first settlers appeared: in October 1793 M. du Petit-Thouars, a planter fleeing from Revolution-torn Martinique, arrived "with all his hands". Noailles made a short visit in November. It was probably at this point that the settlement was christened "Asylum" ["Azilum" in French pronunciation] The surviving town plan echoes enlightenment dreams of civilisation in the midst of the wilderness. Three hundred acres were to be utilised in a layout of neoclassical proportions, a parallelogram of broad streets centring on a two-acre market square. Talon arrived at the beginning of December to serve as manager of the colony and as its official agent drew a salary from the Company of $3000.

   Marie-Antoinette aux Amériques ?  Azilum10
Original town plan, reproduced from Elsie Murray, Azilum

Despite financial and legal disputes, the colony initially grew rapidly. By the following spring, 30 rough long houses were built; .at its height in 1797-98 there were perhaps 50 or so. The duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt who visited in 1795 counted 16 families and three individuals among the settlers, as well as some “families of artisans” . Thirty one individuals, with a description of the property they owned, are listed on the return for the 1798 Direct Tax. The known settlers almost all claimed nobility or noble ancestry; they included the (marquis) de Blacons, (comte) Alexandre d'Autrement, and (comte) Charles du Petit-Thouars; also several veteran officers of Rochambeau's army, a few Creoles, and professionals such as Barthélemy Laporte, a former judge. They were joined by people of more modest origins, formerly in the service of royalty - Charles Cook, cook at Versalles, and Maria Schillinger, maid-in-waiting to Marie Antoinette. A former archdeacon of Toulon, the abbé Colin de Sévigné officiated at the modest chapels.

   Marie-Antoinette aux Amériques ?  Azilum11
Azilum, by Eduoard C. V. Colbert, Comte de Maulevrier, 1794.
Pennsylvania Historical Museum Commission

Efforts were made to encourage economic viability. A commercial district provided along the waterfront thrived for a while – at one time it included a grist mill, a potash works, a maple sugar refinery and a distillery. A road was cut through the forest to facilitate communication with the Company's property in the interior Breeded cattle were introduced. However, agriculture never really flourished and the colony remained heavily reliant on hired American labour.

Local Yankees wondered at the large and well-furnished houses of the French settlers. The returns for the 1798 Direct Tax indicate that the Anglo-American settlers were sparsely scattered in small log cabins, typically 16ft by 16ft or less, with few windows. Azilum houses in contrast were often 30ft by 60 ft or even larger . Although they too were crude wooden constructions, many had chimneys, wallpaper, window glass, shutters and porches.


The Grande Maison
   Marie-Antoinette aux Amériques ?  Grande10
Ill. from Murray, The story of some French refugees and their Asylum (1917)

The largest house in Azilum was a two storey-and-attic building, 84 feet long and 60 feet wide, fitted with 16 fireplaces and said to have been the largest log house ever built in America. The legend that it was known as "the Queen's House" and intended for Marie-Antoinette is based on the recollections of Elizabeth Laporte, daughter of John Laporte, one of the original settlers (Murray (1917) p.38) However, extant receipts and ledger accounts suggest that construction did not actually begin until the spring of 1794 when the exiles would already have learned of Marie-Antoinette’s death. In the event it acted as a sort of makeshift salon and setting for social gatherings, as well as accommodation for visiting guests - among them (possibly) Talleyrand and the future King Louis Philippe.

Bound together as exiles, the colony enjoyed an unusual amount of organised social life. A dancing pavilion was built on a small island adjacent to the Grande Maison. A ledge known as Table Rock was used as a picnic site. There were also inns: the first licence was granted in in 1794 to a M. Lefebre who was reputed to have once managed a cafe in Paris; others followed in 1795 and 1797. Boating, dancing, picnics, sledging on the frozen river, concerts, card parties and amateur dramatics are all recorded:

'Their amusements consisted of riding, walking, swinging, music, (and perhaps dancing), and some times they passed their time with cards, chess, or the back gammon board. In their manners, they were courteous, polite, and affable. In their living they followed their French customs. Breakfast late, on coffee, fresh meat, bread and butter. Dinner at 4 o'clock. Drank best wine or brandy after dinner, ladies and gentlemen who chose, drank tea in the evening. (I speak of the wealthy). They were able to command the best of everything'. (Judge Jonathan Stevens, quoted by Rebecca Geoffroy)


The end of the settlement
The duration of the sophisticated French town in the wilderness was brief . Economic factors, including the bankruptcy of Morris and Nicholson, led to the settlement’s decline. By the late 1790’s many of the émigrés had moved elsewhere and after 1803 they could return to France. A few families, including the LaPortes, remained and helped settle nearby communities. Azilum itself was entirely abandoned and none of the original structures remain.

Excavations at Azilum
The French Azilum Historical Site, first set up in 1955, today contains over twenty acres of the original settlement. The Laporte farm and its outbuildings, dating from the 1830s, provide a focus for visitors. There is also a replica log cabin of circa 1790, which houses a small museum. Various archaeological digs have added to the collections. In 1976 the excavation of Lot 416, confirmed an existing written description of a symmetrical "Georgian style" mansion similar to those found in the West Indies. In 1999 a midden yielded a brass door hand and a few other imported furniture fittings, plus a number of small personal objects - buttons, buckles, pins and the like. If a brass comb indicated relatively elaborate hairstyles, the number of straight pins would suggest a fair amount of home dressmaking and mending!




References

French Azilum Historic Site official website
http://www.frenchazilum.com/index.php

Catherine Falzone. "Versailles on the Susquehanna" New York Historical Society Museum and Library blog, post of 24.05.2016
http://blog.nyhistory.org/versailles-on-the-susquehanna/

Rebecca Geoffroy: Asylum "A Paris in the Wilderness", Penn State University (student research project) n.d.
https://libraries.psu.edu/about/collections/unearthing-past-student-research-pennsylvania-history/asylum-paris-wilderness

Rob Mann and Dianna DiPaolo Loren "Keeping up appearances; dress, architecture, furniture and status at French Azilum" International Journal of Historical Archaeology 5, no.4 (2001) 281-306.
[Available on JStor]

There are a couple of older, more chatty accounts, both by descendants of the Laporte family:

Louise Welles Murray, The story of some French Refugees and their Azilum (1917)
https://archive.org/stream/storyofsomefrenc00murr#page/30/mode/2up

Elsie Murray, Azilum, French refugee colony of 1793, Tioga Point Museum (1950)
https://cdm61prod.dlt.psu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/digitalbks4/id/1298


Ce blog incontournable, c'est celui-ci http://rodama1789.blogspot.be/
L'admin maîtrise ! tongue

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Airin

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Cette histoire est incroyable ! Merci pour les recherches.
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Belle

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MessageSujet: Re: Marie-Antoinette aux Amériques ?       Marie-Antoinette aux Amériques ?  Icon_minitimeDim 10 Juil - 12:45

Bonjour à tout le forum.

Je l'ai dit, je ne participerai pas beaucoup mais ce sujet du refuge en Pennsylvanie m'intéresse. Je creuse et j'ai trouvé d'autres informations.

Un refuge royaliste français en Pennsylvanie

Par Anthony Lacoudre
https://france-amerique.com/fr/un-refuge-royaliste-francais-en-pennsylvanie/


De nombreuses régions, villes, montagnes et rivières aux Etats-Unis portent des noms français. Ces toponymes témoignent de l’héritage français en Amérique du Nord. Chaque mois, l’auteur franco-américain Anthony Lacoudre décortique leurs racines. Ce mois-ci, le promontoire Marie-Antoinette en Pennsylvanie et une colonie française oubliée.

   Marie-Antoinette aux Amériques ?  Marie-10

En longeant la Route 6 entre la ville de Towanda et le village de Wyalusing, en Pennsylvanie, on découvre sur la droite un belvédère de pierre construit en 1930. Le promontoire domine une boucle de la rivière Susquehanna et le site du French Azilum : une colonie installée au bord de l’eau, imaginée pendant la Révolution pour accueillir la noblesse française et la reine Marie Antoinette !

L’idée est celle de deux aristocrates royalistes : le vicomte de Noailles, qui participa à la guerre d’indépendance aux côtés de son beau-frère le marquis de Lafayette et reçu la capitulation anglaise à Yorktown, et le marquis Antoine Omer Talon, lui aussi député de la noblesse à l’Assemblée constituante. En 1793, ils sont en exil à Philadelphie où ils s’associent à deux financiers locaux pour vendre des parcelles de terre aux nobles français qui ont fui la Terreur ou la révolution haïtienne.

Sur quelque 800 hectares gagnés sur la forêt s’élèvent bientôt une trentaine d’habitations en rondins, un théâtre, quelques magasins, une chapelle et une école. La Grande Maison, avec deux étages, huit cheminées et un piano, doit accueillir Marie Antoinette et ses enfants. Mais la reine n’atteindra jamais les Etats-Unis. La nouvelle de son exécution, le 16 octobre 1793, ne fait que renforcer l’intérêt que suscite ce village français. Le prince de Talleyrand et le duc de La Rochefoucauld-Liancourt se rendront sur place, ainsi que le futur Louis-Philippe Ier, qui sera le dernier roi de France à régner, de 1830 à 1848.

La colonie périclita après l’amnistie prononcée par Napoléon en 1803. La plupart des familles, peu convaincues par cette vie au grand air, rentrèrent en France. Bartholomé Laporte fit le choix de rester : son fils John deviendra député de la Pennsylvanie et construira à l’emplacement du French Azilum une maison qui abrite aujourd’hui un musée consacré à l’histoire de cet étonnant refuge royaliste en Amérique.


Article publié dans le numéro de juillet 2022 de France-Amérique
Photo © Mathieu Persan


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MindTheGap

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MessageSujet: Re: Marie-Antoinette aux Amériques ?       Marie-Antoinette aux Amériques ?  Icon_minitimeSam 29 Avr - 9:58

Je suis formel qu ils voulaient faire venir Marie-Antoinette en USA.
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Shocked INOUÏ......je bas ma coulpe...... Embarassed Embarassed Embarassed    Marie-Antoinette aux Amériques ?  516206 J'en ai toujours toujours voulu aux Américains de "nous" avoir abandonnés ainsi que notre cher couple Royal à la cruauté de la Révolution.....

Eh bien, j'étais dans l'erreur ou plutôt l'ignorance !!

Un grand merci pour ce sujet passionnant......

Ce forum est exceptionnel    Marie-Antoinette aux Amériques ?  641202    Marie-Antoinette aux Amériques ?  646837 flower cheers drunken drunken drunken drunken
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